![]() He is honorary professor at Humboldt University Berlin and Potsdam University and member of several Academies of Science in Germany and Austria. He has published about 500 research papers, many of them on biological and bio-inspired materials. He holds an engineering degree from Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, France, and a doctorate in Physics from the University of Vienna, Austria. Peter Fratzl is a director at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, heading the department of Biomaterials. Our analysis unites examples ranging from exoskeletal materials (fish scales, arthropod cuticle, turtle shell) to endoskeletal materials (bone, shark cartilage, sponge spicules) to attachment devices (mussel byssal threads), from both invertebrate and vertebrate animals, while spotlighting success and potential for bio-inspired manmade applications. Moreover, the arrangement of soft/flexible and hard/stiff elements into particular geometries can permit surprising functions, such as signal filtering or ‘stretch and catch’ responses, where the constrained flexibility of systems allows a built-in safety mechanism for ensuring that both compressive and tensile loads are managed well. ![]() We show that the tessellation of a hard, continuous surface – its atomization into discrete elements connected by a softer phase – can theoretically result in maximization of material toughness, with little expense to stiffness or strength. We start from basic mechanics principles on the effects of material heterogeneities in hypothetical structures, to derive common concepts from a diversity of natural examples of one-, two- and three-dimensional tilings/layerings. In this tutorial review, we highlight the concept of tessellation, a structural motif that involves periodic soft and hard elements arranged in series and that appears in a vast array of invertebrate and vertebrate animal biomaterials. This project was simple and straight to the point, but I struggled with choosing photographs that would work the best for this project.Faced with a comparatively limited palette of minerals and organic polymers as building materials, evolution has arrived repeatedly on structural solutions that rely on clever geometric arrangements to avoid mechanical trade-offs in stiffness, strength and flexibility. My favorite image was the tessellation that I created out of the tree because the colors, detail, and pattern came out completely unique. The thing I enjoyed most about this project was getting to tamper with certain images and colors to make some unique designs. As you progress, make sure all edges line up and are a complete reflection of your original image. You then need to click, "Edit > Transform > flip horizontal/vertical. Once you have this, you can duplicate your original photo layer. Place your cropped and resized image onto the top left corner of the template and make sure the guide lines are around the perimeter of your piece. The smaller the image, the more duplicates you are going to need. Then once you have a perfect square, you can resize the image to match the size of the template. Once you add your original piece, you must crop the image to a 1 x 1 square so it has equal dimensions. ![]() To create a tessellation piece, it will be easiest to start by downloading a photoshop template to guide your duplications of the original photo. Most tessellations result in a clean seamless image with a creative and unique appeal to the viewer. To me, a tessellation is an image editing technique used to reflect an image and create pattern.
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